ABSTRACT
In order to create a sustainable future for the urban environment in s=Smart cities, it is necessary to develop a concept of urban transport, partially reduce the use of traditional transport, primarily cars, as well as the environmental pressure on society, which is essential to move to a sustainable urban future. In the latest discussions on the future of the urban transport system, the quality of the environment, and the possibility of its improvement are discussed, this issue became especially relevant with the onset of the pandemic, when the lockdowns were introduced. The problem of sustainable transport in urban areas has been recognized in academic studies, searching for appropriate models and solutions. The article presents the latest literature review and illustrates the newest trends with several examples. VOS Viewer software has been used to classify the different keywords, according to their co-citation, following clustering techniques. By analyzing the research conducted by other researchers, it has been possible to structure the ecosystem and trends in the Urban Transportation Concept, also mentioning likely future trends. Based on the literature analysis of the Sustainable Urban Transport, the authors of the study found that a large group of researchers deal with technical solutions and innovative business models, while the essential behavioral aspects are examined in less detail. Extensive literature analysis allowed the authors to select several solutions to achieve the transformation towards sustainable transportation in urban areas: new vehicle technologies and their environmental factors' analysis, geographic information systems, the analytic hierarchy process method, the time series analysis of road traffic accidents using multiplicative models, electrification and use of Friedman Analysis of Variance by Ranks, as well as innovations in sharing mobility.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has affected the lives and well-being of billions of citizens worldwide. While nondrug interventions have been partially effective in containing the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination has become the most important factor in maintaining public health and reducing deaths. In this study, a model is proposed to overcome the difficulties in organising vaccination due to heterogeneous population distribution in cities and to optimise the vaccination process considering the available resources. The results of the model are of strategic importance for the control of the COVID-19. Considering the transportation structures, population and vaccine resources in the regions, a different number of clusters is formed for each city. Each cluster consists of several districts that share health resources. A hybrid approach consisting of mathematical modelling and k-means algorithm is proposed, and it reduced the difference between vaccination times of three different vaccination clusters to about 3.5 days. The results also showed that the vaccination process can be reduced from 108 days to 44 days, which meant a 40% improvement in speed for administering vaccines. In this case study, we presented a vaccination programme in which the average antibody rate of individuals does not fall below the critical-time threshold. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
The results of numerical modeling of air pollution using CHIMERE and COSMO-ART chemical transport models are presented. The modeling was performed according to the scenarios of the 50–60% reduction of emissions from anthropogenic sources in the Moscow region during the period of March–July 2020. Scenario calculations of pollutant concentrations were compared with baseline simulations using regionally adapted inventory of anthropogenic pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. The most significant decrease in the concentrations of NO2 and CO was reproduced by the models when emissions from two sectoral sources (vehicles and nonindustrial plants) were reduced. The PM10 drop was mostly influenced by the reduction of emissions from industrial combustion. With the total reduction of emissions from anthropogenic sources as compared to the baseline calculations, the pollutant concentration decreased by 44–54% for NO2, by 38–44% for CO, and by 26–39% for PM10. This generally coincides with the quantitative estimates of the pollution level drop obtained by other authors. The greatest effect of reducing pollutant emissions into the atmosphere was found during the episodes of adverse weather conditions for air purification, when the simulated and observed pollution level increases by 3–5 times as compared to the conditions of intense pollutant dispersion.
ABSTRACT
Sustainability-oriented transport and mobility solutions hunt for engineering and management innovations. Both are primarily adopted by startups—ambitious and dynamic forms of organization stimulated by technical and technological progress. In this paper, the original definition of a startup as the new organizational form has been proposed, and the most relevant trends in green transportation and mobility solutions have been discussed. The paper also seeks knowledge about new business models of sustainable transport and mobility-oriented innovative startups. For this purpose, descriptive statistics of about 200 transport-oriented startups have been produced, based on the results of quantitative research in 2016–2019 in Poland, and the most appealing solutions are presented. Business models of sustainability-oriented transport and mobility startups have been mapped and analyzed. Green innovations in transport concern mainly products and business models. The studied startups can be divided into responding to challenges in designing new equipment, vehicles, and infrastructure (including electromobility) and those offering solutions in managing transport processes, fleet, and passenger transport—especially micro-mobility in cities public transport. Analyzing the profitability of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)-oriented startups, we concluded that startups related to “hardware” projects (vehicles, infrastructures, drones) need more financial support or strategic partnership than service-oriented projects. We also hypothesized that “hardware” startups contribute more to “greening” transportation and mobility sector processes than startups offering services, which requires further in-depth research.